MRCP revision battle 41.1: Horner's syndrome
MRCP revision battle 41.2: Gynaecomastia
MRCP revision battle 41.3: Gingival Hyperplasia
MRCP revision battle 41.4: Leptospirosis
MRCP revision battle 41.5: Opioid and benzo conversions
MRCP revision battle 41.6: Pyrexia of unknown origin
MRCP revision battle 41.7: Fitness to fly
MRCP revision battle 41.1: Horner's syndrome
Horner's syndrome is the triad of:
- miosis
- ptosis
- anhydrosis
It is caused by an interruption of the sympathetic pupillomotor fibres
Causes may be:
- central - which causes anhydrosis of the face, arm and trunk
- pre-ganglionic = second order - which causes anhydrosis of face
- post-ganglionic = third order - which causes no anhydrosis
A general way to remember the causes is PC Stem:
- pancoast tumour
- cervical rib
- cluster headache
- carotid artery dissection
- stroke
- syringomyelia
- trauma
- thyroidectomy
- encephalitis
- multiple sclerosis
An alternative way to try and learn them by their location is:
- central: STEMS
- stroke
- tumour
- encephalitis
- multiple sclerosis
- syringomyelia
- pre-ganglionic: PCT
- pancoast tumour
- cervical rib
- trauma
- thyroidectomy
- post ganglionic: 2Cs
- carotid artery dissection
- cluster headache
Now for some big breasts...
